“Almost all academic skills deficits can be conceptualized as learning rate problems as students are not failing to learn, but not learning rapidly enough.”

“Students who are significantly below their peers are especially in need of instruction that is both effective and efficient given the time constraints of delivering instruction during the school day.”

“Even evidence-based instructional methods may not be sufficient for closing the achievement gaps if the procedures cannot be reasonably implemented within an allocated classroom time frame.”

“In other words, there are scientifically supported instructional strategies that work but are not efficient enough to allow students to catch up with their peers.”

“If teachers are not maximizing instructional time, achievement gaps are likely to widen over time; therefore, instruction need not only be effective but efficient as well.”